Dr. Joseph Schlessinger is one of the pioneers of the sub-field of Signal Transduction, which is essential for cancer treatment, and many other fields as well.

Signal transduction describes to any process by which cells alter a type of signal. Most signal transduction processes either include sequences which are ordered of biochemical reactions inside the cell. These are then carried out by enzymes, activated by second messengers. The overall result is a signal transduction pathway. This usually happens extremely quickly, normally in milliseconds (such as the case of ion flux). Other times this can take minutes for the activation of lipid-mediated and protein kinase cascades. That being said, some such reactions can take many hours, days and even more. This is determined by necessity of the gene expression completion.

The number of molecules and proteins participating in the events with regards to signal transduction expands as the process emanates from the core stimulus, resulting in a “signal cascade,” beginning with generally a tiny stimulus that elicits a much greater response. This is referred to as amplification of the signal.

In single-cell organisms as well as bacteria, the myriad of process of signal transduction of which the cell is capable of influences the number of ways it can react to its environment. In multicellular organisms, a great variety multitude of various signal transduction processes are necessary for the coordination of the behavior and function of the comprising individual cells. This is both understandable and necessary so the whole organism can properly function. As you could expect, more complex organisms have a greater number of signal transduction processes. In addition, getting any stimuli from the outside environment at the cellular level depends on signal transduction.

This is why countless illnesses including cancer, diabetes, heart disease and many more are involved with signal transduction and are a result of a defect of the signal transduction pathways. This work is still far from being finished and additional grants are needed for the better of us all.

Tags: multicellular organisms, one of the pioneers, protein kinase, signal transduction pathway, signal transduction processes, single cell organisms

Prof. Joseph Schlessinger is one of the pioneers of the field of Signal Transduction, which is integral for cancer treatment, and many other fields as well.

Signal transduction indicates processes by which a cell change one kind of signal. Most signal transduction processes either involve sequences which are ordered of biochemical reactions within the cell. These are then carried out by enzymes, activated by second messengers. The final result is a signal transduction pathway. This usually happens extremely quickly, normally in milliseconds (such as the case of ion flux). Other times this can take minutes for the activation of lipid-mediated and protein kinase cascades. That being said, some such reactions can take many hours, days and even more. This is determined by necessity of the gene expression completion.

The number of molecules and proteins involved in the scenarios regarding to signal transduction grows as the process emanates from the initial stimulus, and the result is a “signal cascade,” beginning with generally a small stimulus that elicits a greater response. This is referred to as amplification of the signal.

In single cell organisms as well as bacteria, the multitude of process of signal transduction of which the cell is capable of affects the number of ways it can react to its environment. In multi-cellular organisms, a great variety multitude of different signal transduction processes are necessary for the coordination of the behavior and function of the comprising individual cells. This is both understandable and necessary so the whole organism can properly function. As one may expect, more complex organisms have a greater number of signal transduction processes. Thus, getting any sensory input from the outside environment at the cellular level depends on signal transduction.

This is why countless diseases including cancer, diabetes, heart disease and many more are involved with signal transduction and are a result of a flaw of the signal transduction pathways. This work is still far from being finished and additional financial support are needed for the better of us all.

Tags: initial stimulus, ion flux, one of the pioneers, protein kinase, signal transduction pathway, signal transduction processes, single cell organisms